| Adverse Drug Events/Drug Errors Selected Publications
Comparison of medication alerts from two commercial applications in the USA.
Shah SN, Seger DL, Fiskio JM, Horn JR, Bates DW.
Drug Saf. 2021 Jun;44(6):661-668.
Clinical utility of pharmacogenomic data collected by a health-system biobank to predict and prevent adverse drug events.
Shah SN, Gammal RS, Amato MG, Reyes DD, Hasan S, Seger DL, Krier JB, Bates DW.
Drug Saf. 2021 May;44(5):601-607.
National adverse event analysis over time: current state and future directions.
Aaronson EL, Bates DW.
BMJ Qual Saf. 2021 Jul;30(7):529-532.
Towards the automated, empirical filtering of drug-drug interaction alerts in clinical decision support systems: Historical cohort study of Vitamin K antagonists.
Chazard E, Boudry A, Beller PE, Dalleur O, Hubert H, Trehou E, Beuscart LB, Bates DW.
JMIR Med Inform. 2021 Jan 20; 9(1):e20862.
Comparison of a Prototype for Indications-Based Prescribing With 2 Commercial Prescribing Systems. Garabedian PM, Wright A, Newbury I, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Mar; 2(3): e191514.
National Rules for Drug–Drug Interactions: Are They Appropriate for Tertiary Hospitals? Cho I, Lee JH, Choi J, Hwang H, Bates DW. J Korean Med Sci. 2016 Dec; 31(12): 1887-1896.
Recommendations for Selecting Drug-Drug Interactions for Clinical Decision Support. Tilson H, Hines LE, McEvoy, et al. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2016 Apr 15; 73(8): 576-585.
Medication Errors in the Perioperative Setting. Nanji KC, Bates DW. Anesthesiology. 2016 Aug; 125(2): 432-437.
Evaluation of Perioperative Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events. Nanji KC, Patel A, Shaikh S, Seger DL, Bates DW. Anesthesiology. 2016 Jan; 124(1): 25-34.
High Override Rate for Opioid Drug-allergy Interaction Alerts: Current Trends and Recommendations for Future. Topaz M, Seger DL, Lai K, Wickner PG, Goss F, Dhopeshwarkar N, Chang F, Bates DW, Zhou L. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015; 216: 242-246.
Erratum to 'Epidemiology of potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly patients in Japanese acute care hospitals' and 'Clinical prediction rule to identify high-risk inpatients for adverse drug events: the JADE Study'. Morimoto T, Sakuma M, Bates DW. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013 Nov;22(11):1245. doi: 10.1002/pds.3524.
Clinical prediction rule to identify high-risk inpatients for adverse drug events: the JADE Study. Sakuma M, Bates DW, Morimoto T. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012 Nov;21(11):1221-6. doi: 10.1002/pds.3331.
Epidemiology of potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly patients in Japanese acute care hospitals. Sakuma M, Morimoto T, Matsui K, Seki S, Kuramoto N, Toshiro J, Murakami J, Fukui T, Saito M, Hiraide A, Bates DW. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011 Apr;20(4):386-92. doi: 10.1002/pds.2110.
Conservative prescribing needed to improve medication safety. ISMP Medication Safety Alert! Acute Care Edition. Nov 17 2011;16:1-3.
Analysis of risk factors for adverse events in critically ill patients. Kane-Gill SL, Kirisci L, Verrico MM, Rothschild JM. Crit Care Med. 2011 Oct 27.
Principles of conservative prescribing. Schiff GD, Galanter WL, Duhig J, Ladolce AE, Koronkowski MJ, Lambert BL. Arch Int Med 2011; Sep 12;171(16):1433-40.
Development of a tool within the electronic medical record to facilitate medication reconciliation after hospital discharge. Schnipper JL, Liang CL, Hamann C, Karson AS, Palchuk MB, McCarthy PC, Sherlock M, Turchin A, Bates DW. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2011;18(3):309-313.
Preventable adverse drug events and their causes and contributing factors: the analysis of register data. Jylha V, Saranto K, Bates DW. Int J Qual Health Care 2011;23(2):187-97.
Incidence of adverse drug events and medication errors in Japan: the JADE study.
Morimoto T, Sakuma M, Matsui K, Kuramoto N, Toshiro J, Murakami J, Fukui T, Saito M, Hiraide A, Bates DW. J Gen Intern Med 2011;26(2):148-153. Full Text.
Recovered medical error inventory. Dykes PC, Rothschild JM, Hurley AC. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2010 Sep 1;42(3):314-8.
Medication errors in paediatric outpatients. Kaushal R, Goldmann DA, Keohane CA, Abramson EL, Woolf S, Yoon C, Zigmont K, Bates DW. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010 Aug 10.
Distribution of problems, medications and lab results in electronic health records: the Pareto principle at work. Wright A, Bates DW. Appl Clin Inf 2010;1:32-37.
A review of human factors principles for the design and implementation of medication safety alerts in clinical information systems. Phansalkar S, Edworthy J, Heller E, Seger DL, Schedlbauer A, Avery AJ, Bates DW. J AM Med Inform Assoc 2010;17(5):493-501.
Single-parameter early warning criteria to predict life-threatening adverse events. Rothschild JM, Gandara E, Woolf S, Williams DH, Bates DW. J Patient Saf 2010;6(2):97-101.
Outpatient adverse drug events identified by screening electronic health records. Gandhi TK, Seger AC, Overhage JM, Murray MD, Hope C, Fiskio J, Teal E, Bates DW. J Patient Saf 2010;6(2):91-96.
Adverse drug events in intensive are units: risk factors, impact, and the role of team care. Kane-Gill SL, Jacobi J, Rothschild JM. Crit Care Med. 2010 Jun;38(6 Suppl):S83-9.
Medication errors recovered by emergency department pharmacists. Rothschild JM, Churchill W, Erickson A, Munz K, Schuur JD, Salzberg CA, Lewinski D, Shane R, Aazami R, Patka J, Jaggers R, Steffenhagen A, Rough S, Bates DW. Ann Emerg Med. 2010 Jun;55(6):513-21.
Medical errors recovered by critical care nurses. Dykes PC, Rothschild JM, Hurley AC. J Nurs Adm. 2010 May;40(5):241-6.
Effect of bar-code technology on the safety of medication administration. Poon EG, Keohane CA, Yoon CS, Ditmore M, Bane A, Levtzion-Korach O, Moniz T, Rothschild JM, Kachalia AB, Hayes J, Churchill WW, Lipsitz S, Whittemore AD, Bates DW, Gandhi TK. N Engl J Med 2010;362(18):1698-1707.
Adverse drug event rates in six community hospitals: and the potential impact of computerized physician order entry for prevention. Hug BL, Witkowski DJ, Sox CM, Keohane CA, Seger DL, Yoon C, Matheny ME, Bates DW. J Gen Intern Med 2010;25(1):31-38.
The costs and savings associated with prevention of adverse events by critical care nurses. Rothschild JM, Bates DW, Franz C, Soukup JR, Kaushal R. J Crit Care. 2009 Sep;24(3):471.e1-7.
Effect of an electronic medication reconciliation application and process redesign on potential adverse drug events: a cluster-randomized trial. Schnipper JL, Hamann C, Ndumele CD, Liang CL, Carty MG, Karson AS, Bhan I, Coley CM, Poon E, Turchin A, Labonville SA, Diedrichsen EK, Lipsitz S, Broverman CA, McCarthy P, Gandhi TK. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Apr 27;169(8):771-80.
Can surveillance systems identify and avert adverse drug events? A prospective evaluation of a commercial application. Jha AK, Laguette J, Seger A, Bates DW. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2008;15(5):647-653.
Effect of computerized physician order entry with clinical decision support on adverse drug events in the long-term care setting. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Rochon P, Judge J, Harrold LR, Bell CM, Lee M, White K, LaPrino J, Erramuspe-Mainard J, DeFlorio M, Gavendo L, Baril JL, Reed G, Bates DW. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:2225-2233.
Comparing patient-reported hospital adverse events with medical record review: do patients know something that hospitals do not? Weissman JS, Schneider EC, Weingart SN, et al. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:100-108.
A model of recovering medical errors in the coronary care unit. Hurley AC, Rothschild JM, Moore ML, Snydeman C, Dykes PC, Fotakis S. Heart Lung. 2008;37(3):219-26.
Unit-based clinical pharmacists' prevention of serious medication errors in pediatric inpatients. Kaushal R, Bates DW, Abramson EL, Soukup JR, Goldmann DA. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008;65(13):1254-1260.
Do medical inpatients who report poor service quality experience more adverse events and medical errors? Taylor BB, Marcantonio ER, Pagovich O, Carbo A, Bergmann M, Davis RB, Bates DW, Phillips RS, Weingart SN. Med Care 2008; 46 ( 2 ): 224-228 .
Medication safety. Keohane CA, Bates DW. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 35(1):37-52, 2008 Mar.
Risk factors in preventable adverse drug events among pediatric outpatients. Zandieh SO, Goldmann DA, Keohane CA, Yoon C, Bates DW, Kaushal R. J Pediatr. 2008;152(02):225-231.
Costs of adverse events in intensive care units. Kaushal R, Bates DW, Franz C, Soukup JR, Rothschild JM. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(22):2479-2483.
Case study on the use of health care technology to improve medication safety. Fiumara K, Moniz T, Churchill WM, Bane A, Luppi CJ, Bates DW, Gandhi TK. In: Medication use: a system approach to reducing errors, second edition. Porche RA, editor. Oakbrok, Illinois: Joint Commission Resources; 2007.pp.103-114.
Adverse drug events in pediatric outpatients. Kaushal R, Goldmann DA, Keohane CA, Cristino M, Honour M, Hale AS, Zigmont K, Lehmann LS, Perrin J, Bates DW. Ambul Pediatr. 2007 Sep-Oct:7(5):383-9.
Medication safety in a psychiatric hospital. Rothschild JM, Mann K, Keohane CA, Williams DH, Foskett C, Rosen SL, Flaherty L, Chu JA, Bates DW. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007;29(2):156-62.
The safety of warfarin therapy in the nursing home setting. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Radford MJ, Harrold LR, Becker R, Reed G, DeBellis K, Moldoff J, Verzier N. Amer J Med. 2007 Jun;146(11):175-86.
Medication dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events before and after implementing bar code technology in the pharmacy. Poon EG, Cina JL, Churchill W, Patel N, Featherstone E, Rothschild JM, Keohane CA, Whittemore AD, Bates DW, Gandhi TK. Ann Intern Med 2006;145(6):424-434.
Pediatric medication safety and the media: what does the public see? Stebbing C, Kaushal R, Bates DW. Pediatrics. 2006 Jun;117(6):1907-14.
Prescribers' responses to alerts during medication ordering in the long term care setting. Judge J, Field TS, Deflorio M, Laprino J, Auger J, Rochon P, Bates DW, Gurwitz JH. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006 Apr 18.
When things go wrong: responding to adverse events. A Consensus Statement of the Harvard Hospitals. Burlington: Massachusetts Coalition for the Prevention of Medical Errors.
Role of pharmacist counseling in preventing adverse drug events after hospitalization. Schnipper JL, Kirwin JL, Cotugno, Wahlstrom SA, Brown BA, Tarvin E, Horng M, Roy CL, Mckean SC, Bates DW. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Mar 13;166(5):565-71.
Serious adverse drug effects -- Seeing the trees through the forest. Gurwitz JH. New Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 1;354(13):1413-15.
Recovery from medical errors: the critical care nursing safety net. Rothschild JM, Hurley AC, Landrigan CP, Cronin JW, Martell-Waldrop K, Foskett C, Burdick E, Czeisler CA, Bates DW. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2006 Feb;32(2):63-72.
Improving acceptance of computerized prescribing alerts in ambulatory care. Shah NR , Seger AC, Seger DL, Fiskio JM, Kuperman GJ, Blumenfeld B, Recklet EG, Bates DW, Gandhi TK. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006 Jan-Feb;13(1):5-11.
How many hospital pharmacy medication dispensing errors go undetected? Cina JL, Gandhi TK, Churchill W, et al. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Safety. 2006;32:73-80.
Clinical application of a computerized system for physician order entry with clinical decision support to prevent adverse drug events in long-term care. Rochon PA, Field TS, Bates DW, Lee M, Gavendo L, Erramuspe-Mainard J, Judge J, Gurwitz JH. CMAJ. 2006 Jan 3;174(1):52-4.
Potential medication dosing errors in outpatient pediatrics. McPhillips HA, Stille CJ, Smith D, Hecht J, Pearson J, Stull J, Debellis K, Andrade S, Miller M, Kaushal R, Gurwitz J, Davis RL. J Pediatr. 2005 Dec;147(6):761-7.
Residents report on adverse events and their causes. Jagsi R., Kitch BT, Weinstein DF, Campbell EG, Hutter M, Weissman JS. Arch Intern Med . 2005 Dec 12-26;165(22):2607-13.
The costs associated with adverse drug events among older adults in the ambulatory setting.
Field TS, Gilman BH, Subramanian S , Fuller JC, Bates DW, Gurwitz JH. Med Care. 2005 Dec;43(12):
1171-1176.
Medication safety in the ambulatory chemotherapy setting. Gandhi TK, Bartel SB, Shulman LM, Verrier D, Burdick E, Cleary A, Rothschild JM, Leape LL, Bates DW. Cancer. 2005 Dec 1;104(11):2477-83.
Intravenous medication safety and smart infusion systems: lessons learned and future opportunities.
Keohane CA, Hayes J, Saniuk C, Rothschild JM, Bates DW. J Infus Nurs. 2005 Sep-Oct 28;(5):321-8.
What can hospitalized patients tell us about adverse events? Learning from patient-reported incidents.
Weingart SN, Pagovich O, Sands DZ, Li JM, Aronson MD, Davis RB, Bates DW, Phillips RS. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Sep;20(9):830-6. Full text.
Outpatient prescribing errors and the impact of computerized prescribing. Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, Seger AC, Borus J, Burdick E, Poon EG, Leape LL, Bates DW. J Gen Intern Med. 2005; Sep 20(9):837-41.
Organizational change in the face of highly public errors. I. The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute experience. Conway JB, Weingart SN. AHRQ WebM&M.
Computerized physician order entry and medication errors: finding a balance. Bates DW. J Biomed Inform. 2005 Aug;38(4):259-61.
The Critical Care Safety Study: The incidence and nature of adverse events and serious medical errors in intensive care. Rothschild JM, Landrigan CP, Cronin JW, Kaushal R, Lockley SW, Burdick E, Stone PH, Lilly CM, Katz JT, Czeisler CA, Bates DW. Crit Care Med. 2005;Aug;33:1694-1700.
What is the measure of a safe hospital? Medication errors missed by risk management, clinical staff, and surveyors. Grasso BC, Rothschild JM, Jordan CW, Jayaram G. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005 Jul;11(4):268-73.
Adverse drug events occurring following hospital discharge. Forster AJ, Murff HJ, Peterson JF, Gandhi TK, Bates DW. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Apr;20(4):317-23.
Variability in intravenous medication practices: implications for medication safety. Bates DW, Vanderveen T, Seger D, Yamaga C, Rothschild J. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2005;31(4):203-210.
The incidence of adverse drug events in two large academic long-term care facilities. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Judge J, Rochon P, Harrold LR, Cadoret C, Lee M, White K, LaPrino J, Erramuspe-Mainard J, DeFlorio M, Gavendo L, Auger J, Bates DW. Am J Med 2005;118(3):251-258.
A controlled trial of smart infusion pumps to improve medication safety in critically ill patients. Rothschild JM, Keohane CA, Cook EF, Orav EJ, Burdick E, Thompson S, Hayes J, Bates DW. Crit Care Med. 2005 Mar;33(3):533-40.
Physicians' views of interventions to reduce medical errors: does evidence of effectiveness matter? Rosen AB, Blendon RJ, DesRoches CM, Benson JM, Bates DW, Brodie M, Altman DE, Zapert K, Steffenson AE, Schneider EC. Acad Med. 2005 Feb;80(2):189-92.
Development of a computerized adverse drug event (ADE) monitor in the outpatient setting. Seger AC, Gandhi TK, Hope C, Overhage JM, Murray MD, Weber D, Fiskio J, Teal E, Bates DW. In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Marks ES, Lewin DI, editors. Advances in Patient Safety: From Research to Implementation (Volume 2: Concepts and Methodology). Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2005 Feb.
Patient-reported medication symptoms in primary care. Weingart SN, Gandhi TK, Seger AC, Seger DL, Borus J, Burdick E, Leape LL, Bates DW. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Jan 24;165(2):234-40.
Strategies for detecting adverse drug events among older persons in the ambulatory setting. Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Harrold LR, Rothschild JM, Debellis K, Seger AC, Fish LS, Garber L, Kelleher M, Bates DW. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2004 Nov-Dec;11(6):492-98.
Effect of reducing interns' work hours on serious medical errors in intensive care units.
Landrigan CP, Rothschild JM, Cronin JW, Kaushal R, Burdick E, Katz JT, Lilly CM, Stone PH, Lockely SW, Bates DW, Czeisler CA. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 28;351(18):1838-48.
Risk factors for adverse drug events among older adults in the ambulatory setting. Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Harrold LR, Rothschild J, DeBellis KR, Seger AC, Auger JC, Garber LA, Cadoret C, Fish LS, Garber LD, Kelleher M, Bates DW. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(8):1349-1354.
Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. 1991. Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, Hebert L, Localio AR, Lawthers AG, Newhouse JP, Weiler PC, Hiatt HH, Harvard Medical Practice Study I. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004 Apr;13(2):145-51:discussion 151-2.
What do we know about medication errors in inpatient psychiatry? Grasso BC, Rothschild JM, Genest R, Bates DW. Jt Comm J Qual Saf. 2003 Aug;29(8):391-400.
Seeing error through new lenses. Weingart SN. J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Aug;18(8):675-6. Full text.
Electronically screening discharge summaries for adverse medical events. Murff HJ, Forster AJ, Peterson JF, Fiskio JM, Heiman HL, Bates DW. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2003 Jul-Aug;10(4):339-50.
Effects of computerized physician order entry and clinical decision support systems on medication safety. Kausal R, Shojania K, Bates D. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003 Jun;163(12):1409-16.
Linking laboratory and pharmacy: opportunities for reducing errors and improving care. Schiff GD, Klass D, Peterson J, Shah G, Bates DW. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Apr 28;163(8):893-900.
Adverse drug events in ambulatory care. Gandhi TK, Weingart SN, Borus J, Seger AC, Peterson J, Burdick E, Seger DL, Shu K, Federico F, Leape LL, Bates DW. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1556-1564.
Prioritizing strategies for preventing medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Fortescue EB, Kaushal R, Landrigan CP, McKenna KJ, Clapp MD, Federico F, Goldmann DA, Bates DW. Pediatrics. 2003 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):722-729.
Multifaceted approach to reducing preventable adverse drug events. Silverman JB, Stapinski CD, Churchill WW, Neppl C, Bates DW, Gandhi TK. Am J Health Sys Pharm. 2003 Mar15;60(6):582-586.
Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events among older persons in the ambulatory setting. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Harold LR, Rothschild J, Debellis K, Seger AC, Cadoret C, Fish LS, Garber L, Kelleher M, Bates DW. JAMA 2003 Mar 5;289(9):1107-1116.
The incidence and severity of adverse events affecting patients after discharge from the hospital. Forster AJ, Murff HJ, Peterson JF, Gandhi TK, Bates DW. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 4;138(3):161-167.
Analysis of medication-related malpractice claims: causes, preventability, and costs. Rothschild JM, Federico FA, Gandhi TK, Kaushal R, Williams DH, Bates DW. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Nov 25;162(21):2414-2420.
Reporting of adverse events. Leape LL. N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 14;347(20):1633-1638.
Information technology and medication safety: what is the benefit? Kaushal R, Bates DW. Qual Saf Health Care. 2002 Sep;11(3):261-265.
Medication errors observed in 36 healthcare facilities. Barker KN, Flynn EA, Pepper GA, Bates DW, Mikeal RL. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1897-1903.
Risk factors for adverse drug events among nursing home residents. Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, McCormick D, Jain S, Eckler M, Benser M, Bates DW. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1629-1634.
Using computerized data to identify adverse drug events in outpatients. Honigman B, Lee J, Rothschild J, Light P, Pulling RM, Yu T, Bates DW. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2001;8:254-266.
A computerized method for identifying incidents associated with adverse drug events in outpatients. Honigman B, Light P, Pulling RM, Yu T, Bates DW. Int J Med Inform 2001;61(1):21-32.
Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Kaushal R, Bates DW, Landrigan C, McKenna KJ, Clapp MD, Federico F, Goldmann DA. JAMA. 2001 Apr 25;285(16):2114-2120.
Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events in nursing homes. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Avorn J, McCormick D, Jain S, Eckler M, Benser M, Edmondson AC, Bates DW. Am J Med 2000;109:87-94.
Patient risk factors for adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. ADE Prevention Study Group. Bates DW, Miller EB, Cullen DJ, Burdick L, Williams L, Laird N, Petersen LA, Small SD, Sweitzer BJ, Vander Vliet M, Leape LL. Arch Intern med 1999;159:2553-2560.
Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit. Leape LL, Cullen DJ, Clapp MD, Burdick E, Demonaco HJ, Erickson JI, Bates DW. JAMA 1999;282:267-270.
The impact of computerized physician order entry on medication error prevention. Bates DW, Teich JM, Lee J, Seger D, Kuperman GJ, Boyle D, Leape L. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1999;6:313-321.
Effect of computerized physician order entry and a team intervention on prevention of serious medication errors. Bates DW, Leape L, Cullen DJ, Laird N, Petersen LA, Teich JM, Burdick E, Hickey M, Kleefield S, Shea B, Vander Vliet M, Seger D. JAMA 1998;280(15):1311-1316.
Identifying adverse drug events: development of a computer-based monitor and comparison with chart review and stimulated voluntary report. Jha AK, Kuperman GJ, Teich JM, Leape L, Shea B, Rittenberg E, Burdick E, Seger DL, Vander Vliet M, Bates DW. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1998;5(3):305-314.
Preventable adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: a comparative study of intensive care and general care units. Cullen DJ, Sweitzer BJ, Bates DW, Burdick E, Edmondson A, Leape LL. Crit Care med 1997;25(8):1289-1297.
The costs of adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. Bates DW, Spell N, Cullen DJ, Burdick E, Laird N, Petersen LA, Small SD, Sweitzer BJ, Leape LL. JAMA 1997;277(4):307-311.
Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: implications for prevention. ADE Prevention Study Group. Bates DW, Cullen DL, Laird N, Petersen LA, Small SD, Servi D, Laffel G, Sweitzer BJ, Shea BF, Hallisey R, et al. JAMA 1995;274(1):29-34.
System analysis of adverse drug events. ADE Prevention Study Group. Leape LL, Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Cooper J, Demonaco HJ, Gallivan T, et al. JAMA 1995;274(1):35-43.
Evaluation of screening criteria for adverse drug events in medical patients. Bates DW, Cullen DJ, O'Neil AC, Petersen LA, Lee TH, Brennan TA. Med Care 1995;33(4):452-462.
Relationship between medication errors and adverse drug events. Bates DW, Boyle DL, Vander Vliet MB, Schneider J, Leape L. J Gen Intern Med 1995;10(4):199-205.
